Political Parties, political terms�a refresher for AP US students
Tory�loyal to English gov�t in time of revolution; supporter of king�s authority
Patriot�loyal to those who seek redress of grievances, even if it means revolution
Federalist�supporter of growth of central (federal) government power; most powerful support in North and East
Anti- Federalist�support states rights, argued against constitution as written w/ a strong central gov�t, loos interpretation of const
Democratic Republican�favor protection of states rights, strict interpretation of constitution/federal power, strongest support in South
Kentucky (Jefferson of Virginia wrote it)and Virginia (written by Madison) resolutions claim states can nullify fed laws (Alien and Sedition Acts)
War Hawks�want war w/GB to gain Canada, defend American honor
Hartford convention�federalists
labeled un patriotic for anti-war position (Jackson�s victory and Treaty of
Ghent)
Era of good feelings�Republicans only party with power; nationalism,
optimism, and good will dominate politics
Whig�Favor Clay�s American system, oppose immorality, vice and crime which some blame on immigrants
Democrats�favor
local rule, limited gov�t, free trade, oppose nat�l bank, high tariffs, high
land prices
Know Nothing�nativists, hostile to immigrants of German and Irish
Catholic background. The American Party, whose members often responded �I know
nothing� to political questions, mainly served to weaken the Whigs
Free Soiler�seek to keep territories for free white settlers only- �free soil, free labor, and free men�
Popular sovereignty�notion that territories can choose thru constitution whether or not to allow slavery
Constitutional Union�existed for 1860 election; former whigs, Know nothings, moderate democrats who fear a republican victory and its consequences; goal is to enforce laws and preserve the union
Republican�northern and western moderates who oppose slavery in the territories; content to allow it to exist in old slave states; only drew support from north
Crittenden compromise�slavery safe south of 36 30 line; Lincoln could not accept it due
to extension of slavery into territories
Radical republicans�championed civil rights for black Americans, fear reunited dem party power, sought to exclude confed leaders from gov�t, some favor women�s rights
Scalawag�southerners who joined republican party, usu former whigs who wanted economic development and peace between the sections of the country
Carpet baggers�northerners who moved south for econ gain, missionaries, teachers, and of course those who sought to exploit the situation for personal gain thru plunder
Spoilsmen�masters of the patronage game, giving jobs and favors to supporters
Waving the bloody shirt�link candidate with war heroism
National Grange movement�fight middlemen, railroads, and trusts
Ocala platform�supported direct election of us senators, low tariff rates, graduated income tax, banking system regulated by fed gov�t, inflationary monetary policy, federal storage of crops, federal loans
Populists�Omaha Platform calls for direct pop elect of senators, unltd coinage of silver, graduated income tax, public ownership of rr, telegraph, telephone, loans for farmers, federal warehouses, 8-hour day for industrial workers; 1892 James Weaver of Iowa, 1896 prosilver democrats absorb their goals.
Cross of gold speech�William Jennings Bryan, 1896
Gold bug Democrats�split from democrats, loyal to Cleveland and gold standard
Laissez faire capitalism�free market economics
Social Darwinism�survival of the fittest, sociology and economics, rugged individualism, Horatio Alger
Bossism�Tweed ring, Tammany hall, tapping into the immigrant vote (democrats)
Gospel of wealth�with success comes philanthropy
Halfbreeds�republican cronies of James G Blaine
Mugwumps�those who did not play the patronage game; their �mugs� on one side of the fence, their �wumps� on the other
Stalwarts�republican cronies of NY Sen Roscoe Conkling
Gilded age presidents-- Hayes(R)-Garfield(R)-Arthur(R)-Cleveland(D)-Harrison (R)-Cleveland- and then McKinley(R)
we�ll add more, of course, when we enter the 20th century!